Dana Net Worth
Dana Net Worth Breakdown | DAN |
Dana Net Worth Analysis
Dana's net worth analysis, or its valuation, is the process of determining the total value of the company. This involves assessing a range of factors, including Dana's financial performance, assets, liabilities, and potential for growth. The ultimate goal is to provide a clear understanding of Dana's overall worth, which can help investors make informed investment decisions. There are several methods that can be used to perform Dana's net worth analysis. One common approach is to calculate Dana's market capitalization.Another approach is to use the price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio), which compares Dana's stock price to its earnings per share (EPS). Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis is another popular method for assessing Dana's net worth. This approach calculates the present value of Dana's future cash flows, taking into account factors such as growth rate, profitability, and risk. By comparing the present value of Dana's cash flows to its current stock price, investors can gain a better understanding of the company's overall value. Finally, investors may use comparable company analysis to evaluate Dana's net worth. This involves comparing Dana's financial metrics to similar companies in the same industry. By identifying companies with similar financial characteristics, investors can gain insight into Dana's net worth relative to its peers.
To determine if Dana is a good investment, evaluating the company's potential for future growth is also very important. This may include expanding into new markets, launching new products or services, or improving operational efficiency. Companies with strong growth prospects can be more attractive investments. This aspect of the research should be conducted in the context of the overall market and industry in which the company operates and should include an analysis of growth potential, competitive landscape, and any regulatory or economic factors that could impact the business. Some of the essential points regarding Dana's net worth research are outlined below:
| Dana Inc had very high historical volatility over the last 90 days | |
| The company reported the last year's revenue of 10.28 B. Reported Net Loss for the year was (49 M) with profit before taxes, overhead, and interest of 852 M. | |
| Over 100.0% of the company shares are held by institutions such as insurance companies | |
| On 21st of March 2025 Dana paid $ 0.1 per share dividend to its current shareholders | |
| Latest headline from finance.yahoo.com: Why Dana Incorporated Is Surging in 2025 |
Dana Quarterly Good Will |
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Dana uses earnings reports to provide investors with an update of all three financial statements, including the income statement, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement. Therefore, it is also crucial when considering investing in Dana Inc. Every quarterly earnings report provides investors with an overview of sales, expenses, and net income for the most recent period. It also may provide a comparison to Dana's previous reporting period. The quarterly earnings reports are usually disseminated to the public via Form 10-Q, which is a legal document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission every quarter.
| 20th of February 2024 Upcoming Quarterly Report | View | |
| 26th of April 2024 Next Financial Report | View | |
| 31st of December 2023 Next Fiscal Quarter End | View | |
| 20th of February 2024 Next Fiscal Year End | View | |
| 30th of September 2023 Last Quarter Report | View | |
| 31st of December 2022 Last Financial Announcement | View |
Dana Target Price Consensus
Dana target price is determined by taking all analyst projections and averaging them out. There is no one specific way to measure analysts' performance other than comparing it to past results via a very sophisticated attribution analysis. Dana's target price projections below should be used in combination with other traditional price prediction techniques such as stock price forecasting, investor sentiment analysis, technical analysis, earnings estimate, and various momentum models.
| 8 | Buy |
Most Dana analysts issue ratings four times a year, at intervals of three months. Ratings are usually accompanied by a target price to help potential investors understand Dana stock's fair price compared to its market value. Analysts arrive at stock ratings after researching the public financial statements of Dana Inc, talking to its executives and customers, or listening to those companies' conference calls.
Macroaxis Advice Exposure ValuationDana Target Price Projection
Dana's current and average target prices are 15.62 and 17.57, respectively. The current price of Dana is the price at which Dana Inc is currently trading. On the other hand, Dana's target price is what analysts think the stock is worth or could sell for in the future. The more significant the discrepancy between the two prices, the more it stimulates investors to act.Target Price
Analyst Consensus On Dana Target Price
Know Dana's Top Institutional Investors
Have you ever been surprised when a price of an equity instrument such as Dana is soaring high without any particular reason? This is usually happening because many institutional investors are aggressively trading Dana Inc backward and forwards among themselves. Dana's institutional investor refers to the entity that pools money to purchase Dana's securities or originate loans. Institutional investors include commercial and private banks, credit unions, insurance companies, pension funds, hedge funds, endowments, and mutual funds. Operating companies that invest excess capital in these types of assets may also be included in the term and may influence corporate governance by exercising voting rights in their investments.
| Shares | Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. | 2024-12-31 | 2.9 M | Citadel Advisors Llc | 2024-12-31 | 2.6 M | Gabelli Funds Llc | 2024-12-31 | 2.5 M | Massachusetts Financial Services Company | 2025-03-31 | 2.3 M | Morgan Stanley - Brokerage Accounts | 2024-12-31 | 1.9 M | Jb Capital Partners Lp | 2024-12-31 | 1.8 M | Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc | 2024-12-31 | 1.8 M | Ubs Group Ag | 2024-12-31 | 1.6 M | Northern Trust Corp | 2024-12-31 | 1.6 M | Blackrock Inc | 2024-12-31 | 21.7 M | Vanguard Group Inc | 2024-12-31 | 16.9 M |
Follow Dana's market capitalization trends
The company currently falls under 'Mid-Cap' category with a total capitalization of 2.38 B.Market Cap |
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Project Dana's profitablity
| Last Reported | Projected for Next Year | ||
| Return On Tangible Assets | (0.01) | (0.01) | |
| Return On Capital Employed | 0.07 | 0.09 | |
| Return On Assets | (0.01) | (0.01) | |
| Return On Equity | (0.04) | (0.04) |
When accessing Dana's net worth, it's important to look at multiple sources and consider different scenarios. For example, gross profit margin measures Dana's profitability after accounting for the cost of goods sold, while net profit margin measures profitability after accounting for all expenses. Other important metrics include return on assets, return on equity, and free cash flow. By reviewing multiple sources and metrics, you can gain a complete picture of Dana's profitability and make more informed investment decisions.
Evaluate Dana's management efficiency
Dana Inc has Return on Asset of 0.0244 % which means that on every $100 spent on assets, it made $0.0244 of profit. This is way below average. In the same way, it shows a return on shareholders' equity (ROE) of (0.0111) %, meaning that it generated no profit with money invested by stockholders. Dana's management efficiency ratios could be used to measure how well Dana manages its routine affairs as well as how well it operates its assets and liabilities. As of the 13th of May 2025, Return On Capital Employed is likely to grow to 0.09, though Return On Tangible Assets are likely to grow to (0.01). At this time, Dana's Non Current Assets Total are very stable compared to the past year. As of the 13th of May 2025, Intangible Assets is likely to grow to about 263.4 M, while Total Assets are likely to drop about 7 B.| Last Reported | Projected for Next Year | ||
| Book Value Per Share | 11.03 | 12.69 | |
| Tangible Book Value Per Share | 8.28 | 11.22 | |
| Enterprise Value Over EBITDA | 6.18 | 3.73 | |
| Price Book Value Ratio | 1.26 | 1.06 | |
| Enterprise Value Multiple | 6.18 | 3.73 | |
| Price Fair Value | 1.26 | 1.06 | |
| Enterprise Value | 3.6 B | 3.2 B |
Evaluating the management effectiveness of Dana allows investors to assess its financial health and operational efficiency. Coupled with an analysis of its growth prospects and the current market dynamics, we evaluate the stock's true value and future potential. Key indicators such as revenue, earnings or debt levels are examined alongside external factors like economic trends and regulatory changes. The Dana Stock analysis seeks to determine whether the stock is undervalued, appropriately priced, or overvalued, thereby guiding your investment decisions.
Enterprise Value Revenue 0.4899 | Revenue | Quarterly Revenue Growth (0.14) | Revenue Per Share | Return On Equity |
Some recent studies suggest that insider trading raises the cost of capital for securities issuers and decreases overall economic growth. Trading by specific Dana insiders, such as employees or executives, is commonly permitted as long as it does not rely on Dana's material information that is not in the public domain. Local jurisdictions usually require such trading to be reported in order to monitor insider transactions. In many U.S. states, trading conducted by corporate officers, key employees, directors, or significant shareholders must be reported to the regulator or publicly disclosed, usually within a few business days of the trade. In these cases Dana insiders are required to file a Form 4 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) when buying or selling shares of their own companies.
Dana Corporate Filings
8K | 30th of April 2025 Report filed with the SEC to announce major events that shareholders should know about | ViewVerify |
| 28th of April 2025 Other Reports | ViewVerify | |
F4 | 21st of March 2025 The report filed by a party regarding the acquisition or disposition of a company's common stock, as well as derivative securities such as options, warrants, and convertible securities | ViewVerify |
| 14th of March 2025 Other Reports | ViewVerify |
Dana Earnings Estimation Breakdown
The calculation of Dana's earning per share is based on the data from the past 12 consecutive months, used for reporting the company's financial figures. The next projected EPS of Dana is estimated to be 0.3473 with the future projection ranging from a low of 0.23 to a high of 0.44. Please be aware that this consensus of annual earnings estimates for Dana Inc is based on EPS before non-recurring items and includes expenses related to employee stock options.Last Reported EPS
0.23 Lowest | Expected EPS | 0.44 Highest |
Dana Earnings Projection Consensus
Suppose the current estimates of Dana's value are higher than the current market price of the Dana stock. In this case, investors may conclude that Dana is overpriced and will exhibit bullish sentiment. On the other hand, if the present value is lower than the stock price, analysts may conclude that the market undervalues the equity. These scenarios may suggest that the market is not as efficient as it should be at the estimation time, and Dana's stock will quickly adjusts to the new information provided by the consensus estimate.
| Number of Analysts | Historical Accuracy | Last Reported EPS | Estimated EPS for 30th of June 2025 | Current EPS (TTM) | |
| 8 | 54.47% | 0.13 | 0.3473 | -0.24 |
Dana Earnings per Share Projection vs Actual
Actual Earning per Share of Dana refers to what the company shows during its earnings calls or quarterly reports. The Expected EPS is what analysts covering Dana Inc predict the company's earnings will be in the future. The higher the earnings per share of Dana, the better is its profitability. While calculating the Earning per Share, we use the weighted ratio, as the number of shares outstanding can change over time.Dana Estimated Months Earnings per Share
For an investor who is primarily interested in generating an income out of investing in entities such as Dana, the EPS ratio can tell if the company is intending to increase its current dividend. Although EPS is an essential tool for investors, it should not be used in isolation. EPS of Dana should always be considered in relation to other companies to make a more educated investment decision.Dana Quarterly Analyst Estimates and Surprise Metrics
Earnings surprises can significantly impact Dana's stock price both in the short term and over time. Negative earnings surprises usually result in a price decline. However, it has been seen that positive earnings surprises lead to an immediate rise in a stock's price and a gradual increase over time. This is why we often hear news about some companies beating earning projections. Financial analysts spend a large amount of time predicting earnings per share (EPS) along with other important future indicators. Many analysts use forecasting models, management guidance, and additional fundamental information to derive an EPS estimate.
| Reported | Fiscal Date | Estimated EPS | Reported EPS | Surprise | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-04-28 | 2025-03-31 | 0.2153 | 0.13 | -0.0853 | 39 | ||
2025-02-18 | 2024-12-31 | 0.0891 | 0.25 | 0.1609 | 180 | ||
2024-10-30 | 2024-09-30 | 0.23 | 0.12 | -0.11 | 47 | ||
2024-07-31 | 2024-06-30 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 10 | ||
2024-04-30 | 2024-03-31 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 15 | ||
2024-02-20 | 2023-12-31 | -0.06 | -0.08 | -0.02 | 33 | ||
2023-10-27 | 2023-09-30 | 0.13 | 0.3 | 0.17 | 130 | ||
2023-07-28 | 2023-06-30 | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 105 | ||
2023-04-28 | 2023-03-31 | 0.1 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 150 | ||
2023-02-21 | 2022-12-31 | 0.26 | -0.1 | -0.36 | 138 | ||
2022-10-27 | 2022-09-30 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 9 | ||
2022-08-03 | 2022-06-30 | 0.25 | 0.08 | -0.17 | 68 | ||
2022-04-27 | 2022-03-31 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 23 | ||
2022-02-23 | 2021-12-31 | 0.21 | 0.1715 | -0.0385 | 18 | ||
2021-10-26 | 2021-09-30 | 0.46 | 0.41 | -0.05 | 10 | ||
2021-07-30 | 2021-06-30 | 0.5 | 0.59 | 0.09 | 18 | ||
2021-04-28 | 2021-03-31 | 0.47 | 0.66 | 0.19 | 40 | ||
2021-02-18 | 2020-12-31 | 0.41 | 0.24 | -0.17 | 41 | ||
2020-10-28 | 2020-09-30 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 32 | ||
2020-07-30 | 2020-06-30 | -0.81 | -0.69 | 0.12 | 14 | ||
2020-04-30 | 2020-03-31 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.15 | 46 | ||
2020-02-13 | 2019-12-31 | 0.6 | 0.67 | 0.07 | 11 | ||
2019-10-30 | 2019-09-30 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
2019-07-31 | 2019-06-30 | 0.89 | 0.87 | -0.02 | 2 | ||
2019-05-02 | 2019-03-31 | 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.05 | 6 | ||
2019-02-15 | 2018-12-31 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.06 | 9 | ||
2018-10-29 | 2018-09-30 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
2018-07-25 | 2018-06-30 | 0.78 | 0.74 | -0.04 | 5 | ||
2018-04-30 | 2018-03-31 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.08 | 11 | ||
2018-02-13 | 2017-12-31 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 14 | ||
2017-10-26 | 2017-09-30 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 7 | ||
2017-07-31 | 2017-06-30 | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.17 | 33 | ||
2017-05-02 | 2017-03-31 | 0.37 | 0.63 | 0.26 | 70 | ||
2017-02-09 | 2016-12-31 | 0.4 | 0.59 | 0.19 | 47 | ||
2016-10-20 | 2016-09-30 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.06 | 13 | ||
2016-07-21 | 2016-06-30 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 15 | ||
2016-04-21 | 2016-03-31 | 0.42 | 0.34 | -0.08 | 19 | ||
2016-02-18 | 2015-12-31 | 0.36 | 0.34 | -0.02 | 5 | ||
2015-10-22 | 2015-09-30 | 0.52 | 0.41 | -0.11 | 21 | ||
2015-07-23 | 2015-06-30 | 0.55 | 0.48 | -0.07 | 12 | ||
2015-04-23 | 2015-03-31 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 11 | ||
2015-02-19 | 2014-12-31 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.05 | 10 | ||
2014-10-23 | 2014-09-30 | 0.5 | 0.57 | 0.07 | 14 | ||
2014-07-24 | 2014-06-30 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.07 | 13 | ||
2014-04-25 | 2014-03-31 | 0.38 | 0.32 | -0.06 | 15 | ||
2014-02-20 | 2013-12-31 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.05 | 11 | ||
2013-10-29 | 2013-09-30 | 0.54 | 0.47 | -0.07 | 12 | ||
2013-07-25 | 2013-06-30 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.03 | 5 | ||
2013-04-25 | 2013-03-31 | 0.42 | 0.28 | -0.14 | 33 | ||
2013-02-21 | 2012-12-31 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 11 | ||
2012-10-26 | 2012-09-30 | 0.45 | 0.37 | -0.08 | 17 | ||
2012-07-26 | 2012-06-30 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.05 | 9 | ||
2012-04-25 | 2012-03-31 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 7 | ||
2012-02-21 | 2011-12-31 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 7 | ||
2011-10-27 | 2011-09-30 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 7 | ||
2011-07-28 | 2011-06-30 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.09 | 25 | ||
2011-04-27 | 2011-03-31 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 25 | ||
2011-02-23 | 2010-12-31 | 0.18 | 0.13 | -0.05 | 27 | ||
2010-10-28 | 2010-09-30 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 100 | ||
2010-07-29 | 2010-06-30 | 0.1 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 120 | ||
2010-04-29 | 2010-03-31 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
2010-02-24 | 2009-12-31 | -0.08 | -2.02 | -1.94 | 2425 | ||
2009-11-03 | 2009-09-30 | -0.2 | -0.14 | 0.06 | 30 | ||
2009-08-06 | 2009-06-30 | -0.25 | 0.44 | 0.69 | 276 | ||
2009-05-07 | 2009-03-31 | -0.7 | -0.97 | -0.27 | 38 | ||
2009-03-16 | 2008-12-31 | -1.43 | -2.64 | -1.21 | 84 | ||
2008-11-06 | 2008-09-30 | -0.02 | -1.35 | -1.33 | 6650 | ||
2008-08-07 | 2008-06-30 | 0.21 | 0.07 | -0.14 | 66 | ||
2008-05-14 | 2008-03-31 | 0.15 | 0.04 | -0.11 | 73 | ||
2006-03-22 | 2005-12-31 | -0.01 | -1.54 | -1.53 | 15300 | ||
2005-07-20 | 2005-06-30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
2005-04-20 | 2005-03-31 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 9 | ||
2005-02-23 | 2004-12-31 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 41 | ||
2004-10-20 | 2004-09-30 | 0.36 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 11 | ||
2004-07-22 | 2004-06-30 | 0.49 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
2004-04-21 | 2004-03-31 | 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
2004-02-11 | 2003-12-31 | 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
2003-10-24 | 2003-09-30 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 11 | ||
2003-07-22 | 2003-06-30 | 0.3 | 0.28 | -0.02 | 6 | ||
2003-04-24 | 2003-03-31 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 14 | ||
2003-02-12 | 2002-12-31 | 0.23 | 0.22 | -0.01 | 4 | ||
2002-10-25 | 2002-09-30 | 0.26 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 15 | ||
2002-07-17 | 2002-06-30 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 4 | ||
2002-04-17 | 2002-03-31 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 20 | ||
2002-02-13 | 2001-12-31 | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.03 | 50 | ||
2001-10-17 | 2001-09-30 | -0.04 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 25 | ||
2001-07-17 | 2001-06-30 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 30 | ||
2001-04-18 | 2001-03-31 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 120 | ||
2001-02-13 | 2000-12-31 | 0.15 | 0.01 | -0.14 | 93 | ||
2000-10-17 | 2000-09-30 | 0.42 | 0.41 | -0.01 | 2 | ||
2000-07-18 | 2000-06-30 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
2000-04-18 | 2000-03-31 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
2000-01-28 | 1999-12-31 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
1999-10-18 | 1999-09-30 | 1.04 | 1.03 | -0.01 | 0 | ||
1999-07-19 | 1999-06-30 | 1.17 | 1.14 | -0.03 | 2 | ||
1999-04-19 | 1999-03-31 | 0.99 | 0.97 | -0.02 | 2 | ||
1999-01-25 | 1998-12-31 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
1998-10-19 | 1998-09-30 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
1998-07-20 | 1998-06-30 | 1.05 | 1.1 | 0.05 | 4 | ||
1998-04-20 | 1998-03-31 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.02 | 2 | ||
1998-01-22 | 1997-12-31 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 2 | ||
1997-10-20 | 1997-09-30 | 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.03 | 4 | ||
1997-07-21 | 1997-06-30 | 0.83 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 8 | ||
1997-04-21 | 1997-03-31 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 2 | ||
1997-01-23 | 1996-12-31 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
1996-10-21 | 1996-09-30 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
1996-07-15 | 1996-06-30 | 0.89 | 0.9 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
1996-04-15 | 1996-03-31 | 0.79 | 0.78 | -0.01 | 1 | ||
1996-01-26 | 1995-12-31 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
1995-10-16 | 1995-09-30 | 0.59 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
1995-07-17 | 1995-06-30 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 6 | ||
1995-04-18 | 1995-03-31 | 0.61 | 0.59 | -0.02 | 3 | ||
1995-02-13 | 1994-12-31 | 0.58 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 3 | ||
1994-10-17 | 1994-09-30 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 10 | ||
1994-07-18 | 1994-06-30 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.08 | 13 | ||
1994-04-18 | 1994-03-31 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.05 | 11 |
Dana Corporate Directors
| Richard Dyer | Director Reporting | Profile | |
| Virginia Kamsky | Independent Director | Profile | |
| Raymond Mabus | Independent Director | Profile | |
| Ernesto Hernandez | Independent Director | Profile |
Check out Investing Opportunities to better understand how to build diversified portfolios, which includes a position in Dana Inc. Also, note that the market value of any company could be closely tied with the direction of predictive economic indicators such as signals in nation. You can also try the Content Syndication module to quickly integrate customizable finance content to your own investment portal.
Is Automotive Parts & Equipment space expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Dana. If investors know Dana will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Dana listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Quarterly Earnings Growth 7.5 | Dividend Share 0.4 | Earnings Share (0.24) | Revenue Per Share | Quarterly Revenue Growth (0.14) |
The market value of Dana Inc is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Dana that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Dana's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Dana's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Dana's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Dana's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Dana's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine if Dana is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Dana's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.